The classic Mac OS (System Software) is the series of operating systems developed for the Macintosh family of personal computers by Apple Inc. From 1984 to 2001, starting with System 1 and ending with Mac OS 9.The Macintosh operating system is credited with having popularized the graphical user interface concept. It was included with every Macintosh that was sold during the era in which it was. OS X Yosemite (and Mavericks), by default in a clean install, provide for each monitor, in a multiple monitor system, to have its own display Spaces. The immediate symptom is a rather confusing. It is a conglomoration of NeXTSTEP, A/UX, and Mac OS 9. It is based off the unix kernel and provides compatibility with X11. It features a new theme called Aqua which replaces Platinum from Mac OS 8 and 9. It also adds the Dock as a place to launch applications (Not dissimilar to the underused Launcher) as well as some other features.
So, you’ve decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac’s performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we’ll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.
A list of all Mac OS X versions
We’ll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it’s good to know the basic macOS timeline.
Cheetah 10.0 | Puma 10.1 | Jaguar 10.2 |
Panther 10.3 | Tiger 10.4 | Leopard 10.5 |
Snow Leopard 10.6 | Lion 10.7 | Mountain Lion 10.8 |
Mavericks 10.9 | Yosemite 10.10 | El Capitan 10.11 |
Sierra 10.12 | High Sierra 10.13 | Mojave 10.14 |
Catalina 10.15 |
STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation
Given your Mac isn’t new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have “fuel” to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.
Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:
- Uninstall large unused apps
- Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
- Locate the biggest files on your computer:
Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren’t comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic “room cleaners”. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it’s most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren’t comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic “room cleaners”. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it’s most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)
STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download
Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That’s why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.
How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store
If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you’ll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn’t always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:
- Click the App Store icon.
- Click Purchases in the top menu.
- Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
- Click Download.
This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.
Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer
If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.
Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.
Purchase an older version of Mac operating system
You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.
Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8
Mac Os Desktop Spaces
The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.
How to get macOS El Capitan download
If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it’s possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:
1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.
“I can’t download an old version of Mac OS X”
If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don’t expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.
But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.
Free Up Space Mac Os
After you’ve completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.
STEP 3. Install older OS X onto an external drive
The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.
- Start your Mac holding down Command + R.
- Prepare a clean external drive (at least 10 GB of storage).
- Within OS X Utilities, choose Reinstall OS X.
- Select external drive as a source.
- Enter your Apple ID.
Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is “captured” onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.
- Boot your Mac from your standard drive.
- Connect the external drive.
- Go to external drive > OS X Install Data.
Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.
How to downgrade a Mac running later macOS versions
If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina
Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).
Visit your local Apple Store to download older OS X version
If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.
Endless Space | |
---|---|
Developer(s) | Amplitude Studios |
Publisher(s) | Iceberg Interactive |
Engine | Unity |
Platform(s) | Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X |
Release | Microsoft Windows[1] July 4, 2012 Mac OS X[2] August 31, 2012 |
Genre(s) | Turn-based strategy, 4X |
Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |
Endless Space is a 4Xturn-based strategy video game, developed and published by Amplitude Studios, released on July 4, 2012, for Microsoft Windows and August 31, 2012 for Mac OS X. In the game, the player takes charge of fictional space age civilizations, expanding their influence by colonization and conquest. Endless Space sold over 1 million units, and earned the Unity Golden Cube award in 2013. The game's sequel, Endless Space 2, released in 2017.
Overview[edit]
In Endless Space the player chooses one of ten unique civilizations, or can choose to create their own, to expand their interstellar empire and conquer the galaxy. To win, the player must be the first to meet the requirements for certain victory conditions, such as Economic, Diplomatic, Expansionary, and Supremacy victories.[3]
The game plays out on a randomly generated galaxy map with room for up to eight players/AI per game. Players colonize different star systems, which in turn contain up to six planets. Star systems are connected via a series of cosmic strings which allow ships to travel rapidly between neighbouring systems. In addition, hero units can be recruited to act as system administrators or fleet admirals, which provide bonuses depending on their traits that can further be leveled up. Battles take place in a quasi-real-time environment, similar to rock-paper-scissors.[4]
The game features full modding and multiplayer compatibility as well.[5]
Setting[edit]
The game is set in approximately 3000AD, tens of thousands of years after the extinction of an advanced civilization known as the Endless. The major empires of the galaxy seek to control and exploit the technology of the Endless for their own agendas.
- The United Empire - A totalitarian human government operating under a combination of corporate rule and feudal monarchy, bent on galactic supremacy.
- The Pilgrims - A faction of human exiles and rebels from the United Empire, united in their desire for freedom and quasi-religious veneration of the Endless.
- The Horatio - A species of clones derived from the megalomaniacal human trillionaire Horatio, seeing themselves as a master race and desiring to 'beautify' the universe by populating it with more of their kind.
- The Sophons - A diminutive and highly advanced species of scientists and engineers, seeking to unlock the secrets of the universe.
- The Cravers - A species of ravenous cyborgs originally created as a bioweapon by the Endless. Their only goal is to expand, consume and destroy.
- The Amoeba - A peaceful species of highly evolved amoeboid lifeforms, valuing all life and seeking trade and diplomacy.
- The Hissho - An empire of avian tribal warriors seeking conquest and glory.
- The Sowers - A network of terraforming robots created by the Endless to make the galaxy suitable for habitation who have never stopped performing their original task.
- The Sheredyn - The royal bodyguards and special forces of the United Empire, who later split off and became their own faction. (Added in Emperor Edition).
- The Automatons - A robotic faction created when Dust induced sentience in the abandoned technology of an extinct civilization. (Added in Rise of the Automatons).
- The Harmony - Crystalline lifeforms that have existed since the beginning of the universe, broken from a single entity into numerous individuals by exposure to Dust. Seeing Dust as a terrifying plague, they seek to eradicate it from the universe no matter the cost. (Added in Disharmony).
- The Vaulters - A human culture that have recently escaped the dying planet Auriga, from Endless Legend, and now seek a new home among the stars. (Added in Vaulters).
Gameplay[edit]
Endless Space is a turn-based strategy game set in 3000 AD, where each player (up to a maximum of eight per game) represents the leader of one of nine unique interstellar empires.[6] A player may also choose to create their own unique civilization by selecting from a number of different traits that correspond to military, science, diplomacy, hero units and so on. Each player is to guide their empire over hundreds, if not thousands, of years to diplomatic, scientific, or military conquest, attempting to meet requirements for several different victory conditions.[3] The game takes place in a randomly generated galaxy, which can change in size and shape, depending on how the host player chooses to generate it. Every player begins with one colonised capital system which is connected to further systems via cosmic links, which act as travel routes for starships. Players can also research new technologies from four different research trees, representing military, science, expansion/exploration and diplomacy. Research unlocks new ship types, planetary improvements, stat modifiers (either for heroes or planets), new travel methods which do not rely on cosmic links and more. As players expand their empire, they will gain access to strategic and luxury resources, which can be used to upgrade ships, build improvements and trade with other players. Strategic resources are primarily used to upgrade components of your empire, while luxury resources are primarily used for trade and maintaining your empire's approval rating.
The game uses four basic resources to manage its economy: Food, Industry, Dust and Science, or FIDS. Dust is a substance that was left over from the Endless civilization, used as currency. Players must balance FIDS in order to rapidly expand their empire, build ships and research advanced technologies. In addition, a lower or imbalanced FIDS across your empire results in a low approval rating.[3] A high approval rating provides bonuses to production efficiency, while a low approval rating can drastically lower efficiency making it incredibly difficult to advance. A tax rate slider can also be adjusted to change approval rating, but lower taxes result in a lower revenue stream of Dust.
Hero units can be recruited using Dust, to act as either fleet commanders or system administrators. Each hero unit is unique and provides two unique bonuses, which can be further leveled up. Three hero units are randomly selected from a pool unique to each empire and new hero units are available for purchase every fifty turns.
Space combat[edit]
Interstellar fleet battles take place in a quasi-real-time environment, similar to a complex game of rock-paper-scissors. Each battle scene takes place in three engagement stages: long-range, medium-range, and melee-range engagements, with different types of weapons and ship systems performing better or worse as the fleets increase in physical proximity over time. Fleets are issued up to three different 'cards', one for each stage of combat, which represent fleet-wide general orders, from categories such as attack, defend, tactics, sabotage, and engineering. Each card has a certain function, such as increasing the fleet's weapons damage by a certain amount (an 'attack' card), however some cards can counter opposing cards, as in the case of an 'attack' card played against an enemy's 'tactics' card during long-range engagement, where the attack card gives a straight damage improvement while the tactics card provides a damage improvement but weakens the fleet's defences correspondingly - the attack card's increased damage counters the tactics card's weakened defences, and the attacking fleet thus gains a sizable additional bonus to damage during long-range engagement. No traditional combat micromanagement takes place during these battles, though the player instead is engaged in terms of understanding fleet composition and attempting to predict and counter likely 'card' plays by the enemy fleet based on how the engagement has unfolded so far. More advanced or specialised cards may also be unlocked through research or through advanced training available to experienced commanders. Fleet size and composition play a very important role, such as determining combat effectiveness (when, per se, the attack card is played) and ability to maneuver. Fleets with hero units assigned to them may also experience bonuses. During battles, the camera is by default placed in a cinematic mode, but a free camera mode is also available.[3]
![Mac os catalina Mac os catalina](https://macgamez-download.com/gimgs/space-pirates-and-zombies-2-mac-osx-torrent-mega-uploaded/space-pirates-and-zombies-2-mac-by94.jpg)
Victory conditions[edit]
A player wins the game when they reach the requirements[7] for a number of victory conditions, listed below:
- Expansion: conquer 75% or more of the colonized universe
- Scientific: research Pan-Galactic Society, the final, extremely expensive tech node at the end of the Scientific tech tree.
- Economic: reach a certain level of cumulative Dust revenue.
- Diplomatic: acquire enough Diplomatic Points (by diplomatically interacting with other factions).
- Supremacy: capture every other player's homeworld.
- Wonder: reconstruct at least five 'Endless Worder' structures.
- Score: achieve the highest total score by the end of the turn limit.
Release[edit]
Endless Space was made available for pre-purchase on May 2, 2012, on Steam. Customers who pre-ordered the game would receive access to the current alpha build and later beta builds prior to launch.[8] In addition, customers who pre-ordered would be allowed to provide input on the game's development, through a feature called Games2Gether.[9] The game was released on July 4, 2012[10] on two digital distribution platforms: Steam[11] and GamersGate.[12] It came in two special editions: an 'Admiral' edition containing the original soundtrack and a forum badge and an 'Emperor' Special Edition containing the Admiral edition content, as well as a ship skin pack and an Endless hero.[13]
Updates[edit]
- The Rise of the Automatons: Released October 26, 2012, this free add-on added a new community-voted faction 'The Automatons,' a machine-like race. The add-on also brought in a new trade route and empire management system as well as improvements to the hero system, diplomacy and AI.[14]
- Echoes of the Endless: Released December 1, 2012, this second free add-on introduces new exploration rewards, interactive random events, natural and 'endless' wonders, and more life on the galaxy map (e.g. black holes, comets, pulsars). The add-on also included new heroes and multiplayer improvements.[15]
- Lights of Polaris: Released December 19, 2012, the third free add-on for Endless Space added a new Christmas-themed Natural Wonder called 'The Polaris Factory', a new hero based on Ebeneezer Scrooge, as well as several combat enhancements, fixes, and new Steam Achievements.[16]
- Virtual Awakening: Released March 11, 2013, the fourth add-on adds new heroes, technology, star system improvements, exploration events, random events, new anomalies, victory warnings and auto scrap features, among other gameplay fixes.[17]
- Disharmony: Released on June 26, 2013, the first piece of paid downloadable content, Disharmony introduces a brand new faction - the Harmony. The DLC also includes new ship types, including bombers and fighters, an overhauled ship interface design, battle formations, a new targeting system, redesigned weapon systems and new invasion mechanics.[18]
- The Search for Auriga: Released on November 14, 2013, this is the first free add-on for Disharmony. It adds two new Heroes, one new Wonder, a unique Planet, and other gameplay enhancements and fixes. This is the last additional content produced by Amplitude for Endless Space.[19]
Reception[edit]
Aggregator | Score |
---|---|
Metacritic | 77/100[20] |
Publication | Score |
---|---|
GameSpy | 3.5/5[22] |
IGN | 8/10[21] |
Publication | Award |
---|---|
Unity Awards | Golden Cube award (2013)[23] Community Choice award (2013)[23] |
Endless Space was met positively by critics, with an aggregate score of 77/100 on Metacritic.[20]IGN praised the game for its accessibility and replay value, while criticizing the sound assets and unclear tool-tips for newer players.[21]GameSpy gave Endless Space a rating of 3.5/5 stars, praising the game's user interface, but criticizing the game for lacking personality.[22]
The game was also nominated for 5 awards by Unity Technologies.[24]Endless Space won the Golden Cube and Community Choice awards at the Unite 2013 ceremony.[23]
Sequel[edit]
The second installment in the series, Endless Space 2 was announced on July 30, 2015 and was released on May 18, 2017.
References[edit]
Pirate Os Market
- ^Sliwinski, Alexander. 'Endless Space warps onto Mac'. Joystiq. Retrieved 14 December 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^'4X Strategy Endless Space blasts off next week'. ShackNews. June 27, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ abcdDean, Paul. 'Endless Space Preview'. IGN. Retrieved July 5, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Chow, Kevin. 'Endless Space Beta Impressions'. GoozerNation.com. Archived from the original on June 23, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^'Endless Space Interview'. Strategy Informer. June 25, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2020.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Young, Rory. 'Endless Space launch trailer prompts you to exterminate all resistance'. Neoseeker. Retrieved July 5, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^'Endless Space User Manual'(PDF). Amplitude Studios. Retrieved July 5, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Solo, Adam (May 2, 2012). 'Endless Space Pre-Orders Open On Steam'. Space Sector. Retrieved July 8, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Husemann, Charles. 'Endless Space Games2Gether Interview'. Gaming Nexus. Retrieved 8 July 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^'Endless Space gets a 4th July release date'. Strategy Informer. 26 June 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Purchese, Robert (May 9, 2012). 'PC strategy game Endless Space given release date'. EuroGamer.net. Retrieved July 5, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Mudgal, Kartik. 'Endless Space now available on Steam and other platforms, trailer inside'. GamingBolt.com. Retrieved 5 July 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Gonzalez, Christina. 'Endless Space is Officially Released'. RTSGuru.com. Archived from the original on August 20, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Sharkey, Mike (October 3, 2012). 'First Endless Space Free Add-on, Rise of the Automatons, Hits Steam Today'. GameSpy. Retrieved December 14, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Gonzalez, Christina. 'Endless Space Gets New Content, Free to Play Weekend Coming'. RTS Guru. Archived from the original on February 1, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Senior, Tom. 'Endless Space free update adds Christmas wonder, optional pirates, new hero'. PC Gamer. PC Gamer. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Smith, Adam. 'Starface: Endless Space – Free DLC & Sale'. Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved June 28, 2013.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Gonzalez, Christina. 'Endless Space: Disharmony Expansion Launches'. RTS Guru. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2013.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^Farokhmanesh, Megan. 'Endless Space: The Search for Auriga update now available'. Polygon. Retrieved February 16, 2014.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ ab'Metacritic Endless Space'. Metacritic. Retrieved July 12, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ abDean, Paul (July 6, 2012). 'Endless Space Review'. IGN. Retrieved July 8, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ abZacny, Rob (July 6, 2012). 'Endless Space Review'. GameSpy. Retrieved July 8, 2012.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ abc'Endless Space wins best game at Unity awards'. Gameindustry.biz. 2013-08-30. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
- ^'Endless Space leads nominations at Unity Awards'. Gameindustry.biz. 2013-08-08. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
External links[edit]
Mac Os Versions
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endless_Space&oldid=1013153949'